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An Ultimate Ungulate Fact Sheet
Tragulus kanchil
Lesser Malayan chevrotain
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Literature Cited

Heydon, M.J., and Bulloh, P. (1997). Mousedeer densities in a tropical rainforest: The impact of selective logging. Journal of Applied Ecology 34(2): 484-496.

Kudo, H., Fukuta, K., Imai, S., Dahlan, I., Abdullah, N., Ho, Y.W., and Jalaludin, S. (1995). Establishment of Lesser Mouse Deer (Tragulus javanicus) Colony for Use as a New Laboratory Animal and/or Companion Animal. JIRCAS Journal 4: 79-88.

Kusuda, S., Adachi, I., Fujioka, K., Nakamura, M., Amano-Hanzawa, N., Goto, N., Furuhashi, S., and Doi, O. (2013). Reproductive characteristics of female lesser mouse deers (Tragulus javanicus) based on fecal progestagens and breeding records. Animal Reproduction Science 137: 69-73.

Matsubayashi, H., and Sukor, J.R.A. (2005). Activity and habitat use of two sympatric mouse-deer species, Tragulus javanicus and Tragulus napu, in Sabah, Malaysia, Borneo. Malayan Nature Journal 57(2): 235-241.

Matsubayashi, H., Bosi, E., and Kohshima, S. (2003). Activity and habitat use of lesser mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus). Journal of Mammalogy 84(1): 234-242.

Matsubayashi, H., Bosi, E., and Kohshima, S. (2006). Social system of the lesser mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus). Mammal Study 31(2): 111-114.

Meijaard, E., and Groves, C.P. (2004). A taxonomic revision of the Tragulus mouse-deer (Artiodactyla). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 140(1): 63-102.

Romer, J.D., (1974). Milk analysis and weaning the lesser Malay chevrotain (Tragulus javanicus). International Zoo Yearbook 14: 179-180.

Timmins, R., and Duckworth, J.W. (2015). Tragulus kanchil. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. Available online at the IUCN Red List website.

Additional Resources

Caldecott, J.  1988. Hunting and Wildlife Management in Sarawak.  Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN.

Darlis, N.A., Liang, J.B., Jalaludin, S., and Ho, Y.W. (1999). Preference test on feed and nutrient intakes in male and female lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) in captivity. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 12(8): 1292-1297.

*Darlis, N.A., Liang, J.B., Purwanto, B., and Ho, Y.W. (2001). Energy expenditure in relation to activity of lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 130A(4): 751-757.

Davison, G.W.H. (1980). Territorial fighting by lesser mouse-deer. Malayan Nature Journal 34: 1-6.

*Endo, H., Fukuta, K., Kimura, J., Sasaki, M., Hayashi, Y., and Oshida, T. (2004). Phylogenetic relationships among populations of the mouse deer in the Southeast Asian Region from the nucleotide sequence of cytochrome b gene. Mammal Study 29(2): 119-123.

*Endo, H., Fukuta, K., Kimura, J., Sasaki, M., and Stafford, B.J. (2004). Geographical variation of the skull of the lesser mouse deer. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 66(10): 1229-1235.

Gallagher, D., Houck, M., Ryan, A., Taylor, J.F., Davis, S.K., Womack, J.E., and Kumamoto, A. (1996). A comparative molecular cytogenetic analysis of the Lesser Malay Chevrotain (Artiodactyla: Pecora: Tragulidae). Animal Genetics 27(SUPPL. 2): 69-70.

Gallagher, D.S., Houck, M.L., Ryan, A.M., Womack, J.E., and Kumamoto, A.T. (1996). A karyotypic analysis of the lesser Malay chevrotain, Tragulus javanicus (Artiodactyla: Tragulidae). Chromosome Research 4(7): 545-551.

*Grassman, L.I., Haines, A.M., Janecka, J.E., and Tewes, M.E. (2006). Activity periods of photo-captured mammals in north central Thailand. Mammalia 70(3/4): 306-309.

Haron, A.W., Ming, Y., and Zainuddin, Z.Z. (2000). Evaluation of semen collected by electroejaculation from captive lesser Malay chevrotain (Tragulus javanicus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 31(2): 164-167.

*Heckner, U. (1982). A study of locomotion in some species of ruminants (Tragulus, Muntiacus, Artiodactyla). Zoologischer Anzeiger 209(5-6): 283-293.

Kemper, C. (1988). The mammals of Pasoh Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 42(1): 1-20.

Kim, K.S., Tanaka, K., Ismail, D.B., Maruyama, S., Matsubayashi, H., Endo, H., Fukuta, K., and Kimura, J. (2004). Cytogenetic comparison of the lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) and the greater mouse deer (T. napu). Caryologia 57(3): 229-243.

Liat, L.B. (1973). Unusual predators of mouse-deer. Malayan Nature Journal 26: 170.

*Nolan, J.V., Liang, J.B., Abdullah, N., Kudo, H., Ismail, H., Ho, Y.W., and Jalaludin, S. (1995). Food intake, nutrient utilization and water turnover in the lesser mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus) given lundai (Sapium baccatum). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 111(1): 177-182.

Nordin, M., (1978). Voluntary food intake and digestion by the lesser mouse deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 42(1): 185-187.

*Pfeffer, P. (1969). Considerations sur l'ecologie des forests claires du Cambodge Oriental. Terre et la Vie 116:(1): 3-24.

Ratnam, C.L. (1982). Preliminary observation on the Tragulidae of Kuala Lumpur. Journal of Wildlife Parks 1: 29-34.

Smit-Van Dort, M. (1989). Skin, skull, and skeleton characters of mouse deer (Mammalia, Tragulidae) with keys to the species. Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 12(5): 89-96.

Terai, S., Endo, H., Rerkamnuaychoke, W., Hondo, E., Agungpriyono, S., Kitamura, N., Kurohmaru, M., Kimura, J., Hayashi, Y., Nishida, T., and Yamada, J. (1998). An osteometrical study of the cranium and mandible of the lesser mouse deer (Chevrotain), Tragulus javanicus. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 60(10): 1097-1105.

*Van Dort, M. (1988). Note on the skull size in two sympatric mouse deer species Tragulus javanicus Osbeck 1765 and Tragulus napu F. Cuvier 1822. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 53(2): 124-125.

Vidyadaran, M.K., Hilmi, M., Sirimane, R.A. (1979). Hematological studies on the Malaysian lesser mouse deer, Tragulus javanicus. Pertanika 2(2): 101-104.

Vidyadaran, M.K., Hilmi, M., Sirimane, R.A. (1981). Dentition of the Malaysian lesser mouse deer, Tragulus javanicus. Pertanika 4(1): 47-52.

*Vidyadaran, M.K., Sharma, R.S.K., Sumita, S., Zulkifli, I., and Razeem-Mazlan, A. (1999). Male genital organs and accessory glands of the lesser mouse deer, Tragulus javanicus. Journal of Mammalogy 80(1): 199-204.

*Whittow, G.C., Scammell, C.A., Leong, M., and Rand, D. (1977). Temperature regulation in the smallest ungulate, the lesser mouse deer Tragulus javanicus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 56(1): 23-26.

Quick Facts Detailed Information References